Category health

New Delhi, 30th June 2025: ENTOD Pharmaceuticals, one of India’s leading innovation-driven pharmaceutical companies, takes center stage in the latest episode of the acclaimed docuseries Molecules of Hope, now streaming on JioHotstar. The newly released segment delves into the rapidly growing myopia crisis, especially among children, and ENTOD’s pioneering efforts to address it through scientific innovation, early screening, and large-scale awareness campaigns.

With a legacy of over five decades in eye care, ENTOD has made childhood myopia a core focus of its ophthalmic portfolio. As screen time rises and outdoor activity declines, especially among school-age children, myopia is no longer just a vision problem it’s becoming a public health emergency. According to global projections, nearly half of the world’s population will be myopic by 2050, making this condition a silent epidemic of the digital age.

The episode opens with a powerful visual narrative of a mother administering eye drops to her child before school, where a free eye screening camp is underway. As the child explores how the drops work, the narrative unfolds into the innovation and development in ophthalmology segment in India. The story is interwoven with powerful insights from ENTOD’s founders, who reflect on the company’s legacy and innovation in preventive eye care, alongside a paediatric ophthalmologist highlighting the importance of early detection. Together, these voices underscore ENTOD’s mission to tackle childhood myopia through science, education, and community outreach.

“Myopia has transitioned from a manageable issue to a significant public health concern,” said Mr. Nikkhil Masurkar, CEO of ENTOD Pharmaceuticals.

“At ENTOD, we believe in early intervention through both innovation and education. This documentary showcases our journey in tackling myopia head-on, from developing targeted eye therapies to creating community-level impact through grassroots campaigns.”

The episode underscores ENTOD’s proactive role in combating myopia through:

• Research-backed therapies aimed at slowing progression
• Early detection programs in schools and communities
• Public awareness initiatives, including Myopia Awareness Week, observed annually across Indian cities for the past four years

Molecules of Hope has resonated strongly with viewers and health professionals alike, and the ENTOD episode stands out for its message of early action and collaborative change.

As ENTOD continues its mission to make preventive eye care accessible and impactful, this docuseries acts as a timely call to action urging parents, educators, and healthcare professionals to prioritize children’s vision health before it’s too late.

This feature adds to ENTOD’s continued efforts to combat Myopia, including its annual observance of National Myopia Week for the past 4 years. Through this initiative, ENTOD has led educational and screening campaigns across several Indian cities.

Bengaluru, June 28, 2025 – Aster DM Healthcare, one of the largest healthcare providers in India, proudly announced dual honours received at the prestigious Financial Express Healthcare Summit & Awards 2025, held in New Delhi on June 25, 2025. The awards, organized annually by The Financial Express, celebrate excellence and innovation in the healthcare sector by honoring individuals and organizations making a lasting impact.

Dr. Azad Moopen, Founder and Chairman of Aster DM Healthcare, was conferred with the title of ‘Healthcare Leader of the Year’, recognizing his visionary leadership, lifelong commitment to accessible healthcare, and his transformative impact on the healthcare landscape across regions. Dr. Moopen has been instrumental in leading the largest M&A in the healthcare industry in India with the recent integration of Aster and Quality Care’s extensive network, backed by Blackstone. This integration will position Aster among India’s top three healthcare chains.

Ms. Alisha Moopen, Deputy Managing Director of Aster DM Healthcare, was felicitated as the ‘Women Entrepreneur of the Year’ for her pioneering contributions in scaling operations, driving digital transformation, and spearheading initiatives in women’s health, mental wellness, and inclusive leadership.

Reacting to the recognition, Dr. Azad Moopen, Founder and Chairman, Aster DM Healthcare, said, “It is truly an honour to receive the Healthcare Leader of the Year award. When we started Aster with a small clinic over three decades ago, our vision was simple: to make quality healthcare accessible and affordable to all. This recognition reflects the tireless efforts of thousands of our healthcare professionals who live this mission every day. We remain committed to building a future where compassionate care and clinical excellence go hand in hand.”

Ms. Alisha Moopen, Deputy Managing Director, Aster DM Healthcare, expressed, “This award is not just a personal milestone—it is a reminder of the responsibility we carry to shape the future of healthcare. At Aster, we envision a world where care is not reactive, but proactive, not limited by geography, but enabled by technology, not bound by hierarchy, but powered by inclusion. As we build this future, I’m especially passionate about creating pathways for more women to lead, innovate, and reimagine healthcare for the next generation.”

At the institutional level, Aster hospitals also received multiple accolades. Aster Medcity was recognized as the Best in South India for its excellence in organ transplantation program, surgical innovation and robotic program, emergency and critical care, neurosciences, and social impact. Aster Whitefield received the Excellence in South India award across key specialities including multispecialty care, oncology, OBG (obstetrics and gynecology), and neurosciences, while Aster CMI Hospital was named the Best Multispecialty Hospital in South India.

With a focus on sustainability, digital health, and affordable care, Aster continues to break new ground in patient-centric innovation and social impact initiatives. The dual recognition at the 2025 Healthcare Summit & Awards reaffirms Aster’s growing influence as a healthcare thought leader and its deep-rooted commitment to care beyond boundaries.

BANGALORE, India, June 28, 2025 – Abbott, the global healthcare company, announced the launch of its laboratory-based blood test to evaluate mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly known as concussions. The traumatic brain injury (TBI) test runs on Abbott’s Alinity i and Architect i1000SR laboratory instruments, which are available in major hospitals and laboratories such as Apollo, Hyderabad and Neuberg Supratech Laboratory.

The test offers a reliable result in 18 minutes to help clinicians quickly evaluate brain injury and triage mTBI patients. The diagnostic tool also helps eliminate the need for CT scans by up to 40% with a high degree of certainty eliminating wait time at the hospital and unnecessary exposure to radiation. The test measures two biomarkers in the blood – ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) – that, in elevated concentrations, are correlated to brain injury.

The test can help streamline care benefiting both patients and the healthcare system. This is particularly important in areas where access to CT systems may be limited.

Ravi Sinha, General Manager & Country Head – Diagnostics, Abbott India said, “Abbott’s TBI blood test improves patient evaluation and delivers reliable results in just minutes helping doctors quickly and accurately rule out the need for a CT scan. This means less time spent in emergency care and less stress for patients and families. The test enables early and accurate evaluation to ensure better long-term health outcomes.”

TBIs can be caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head and can pose short- and long-term risks. In India, nearly one million people are estimated to experience it every year.[ii] People who experience a TBI may have impairment of memory, movement, sensation (e.g., vision and hearing), and emotional functioning (e.g., personality changes, psychological symptoms). People who sustain a TBI are more likely to have another one – similarly to how a sprained ankle or torn ligament is more susceptible to future injury.

TBIs are among the most common neurological disorders worldwide, affecting millions each year. In India, 77% of head injury referrals were patients with mild TBI.[iii] Many people don’t seek medical attention after a head injury, thinking their symptoms aren’t serious. However, timely screening and detection are crucial. Early diagnosis helps people get the care they need, avoiding long-term effects.”

Abbott’s TBI test can offer a key alternative to traditional methods of assessing concussions, which have limitations including long wait times, radiation exposure, and accessibility and logistical challenges.

New Delhi, 25th June 2025: Niva Bupa Health Insurance Company Limited (formerly known as Max Bupa Health Insurance Company Limited), one of India’s leading standalone health insurance providers, has announced a strategic partnership with Upstox, one of India’s fastest-growing wealth platforms. This collaboration marks a significant step toward integrating health protection with digital financial ecosystems, enabling millions of tech-savvy Indian consumers to access comprehensive health insurance solutions with the same ease and convenience as managing their investments.

By bringing Niva Bupa’s trusted and innovative health insurance offerings to the Upstox platform, the partnership aims to simplify the health insurance journey, foster financial wellness, and contribute meaningfully to the broader national agenda of increasing insurance penetration across the country.

With this collaboration, Niva Bupa becomes the first standalone health insurance company to partner with Upstox, marking a significant milestone in the convergence of health protection and digital financial services. As part of the partnership, a curated range of Niva Bupa’s health insurance products are now live and available for purchase directly on the Upstox platform, empowering millions of users to secure their health while managing their investments — all in one place.

Commenting on the partnership, Mr. Krishnan Ramachandran, MD & CEO at Niva Bupa Health Insurance, said “At Niva Bupa, we are committed to delivering innovative and customer-centric solutions that meet the evolving healthcare needs of today’s consumers. This partnership with Upstox not only strengthens our digital distribution strategy but also aligns with IRDAI’s vision of ‘Insurance for All by 2047’. By embedding health insurance into a leading wealth platform like Upstox, we are taking a significant step toward democratising access to quality healthcare in India. Upstox’s tech-driven, rapidly growing user base makes it an ideal partner in reaching the new-age Indian consumer with relevant, flexible, and affordable health insurance products.”

“At Upstox, our mission has always been to simplify and empower financial decision-making for our users,” said Kavitha Subramanian, co-founder, Upstox.. We believe that true financial well-being goes beyond just investments—it includes being prepared for life’s uncertainties. Health is wealth, and through this strategic partnership with Niva Bupa Health Insurance, we’re making it easier for our users to access trusted, comprehensive health insurance solutions directly through our platform. This collaboration marks a significant step toward enabling holistic financial planning, giving our users the tools they need to secure both their financial future and their health.”

Through this integration, Upstox users can now explore, compare, and purchase Niva Bupa’s health insurance offerings seamlessly, with a few clicks — ensuring financial and physical well-being are addressed together.

Dr. Mahipal Singh Sachdev, Chairman & Medical Director, Centre For Sight Group of Eye Hospitals

Cataract awareness Month – June 2025

Cataract remains one of the leading causes of blindness globally, yet it is among the most treatable eye conditions when detected early. In India, the burden of cataract-related vision loss is especially high due to limited awareness, delayed diagnosis, and socioeconomic barriers. As a nation that houses one-sixth of the world’s population, it is vital that we prioritize eye health and increase public education around cataracts—especially as the elderly population continues to grow.

A cataract is the clouding of the eye’s natural lens, leading to blurry vision, sensitivity to light, difficulty in night vision, and in advanced cases, complete vision loss. While aging is the most common risk factor, cataracts can also be caused by diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to UV rays, trauma, and prolonged use of certain medications like steroids. Sadly, many people still consider cataract-induced vision changes to be a “normal” part of aging and delay treatment until significant vision impairment occurs.

Busting common myths surrounding Cataract

Cataracts continue to be the leading cause of blindness in India, responsible for over 66% of cases, yet many people delay surgery due to persistent myths and fears. It’s crucial to separate fact from fiction and make informed decisions. A common misconception is that cataracts only affect the elderly. While aging is a major factor, cataracts can also result from diabetes, steroid use, UV exposure, trauma, and can even occur in children. Another widespread myth is that eye drops, diet, or exercises can cure cataracts—scientific evidence confirms that surgery is the only effective treatment.

Waiting until vision is severely impaired before opting for surgery is also misguided; early intervention leads to better outcomes and quicker recovery. Contrary to fears, cataract surgery is among the safest procedures, performed under local anesthesia with minimal discomfort and rapid healing. Finally, modern cataract surgery doesn’t necessarily mean lifelong dependence on glasses.

Advanced intraocular lenses (IOLs), including extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) lenses, offer excellent vision across distances and reduce reliance on spectacles. Dispelling these outdated beliefs is key to encouraging timely treatment. With today’s technology, cataract surgery offers a safe, effective path to restoring clear, vibrant vision—so seek professional advice at the first sign of trouble.

Awareness is the key

Raising awareness is the first crucial step in addressing this challenge. People need to understand that cataracts are not only treatable but that modern advancements in ophthalmology have made cataract surgery safer, quicker, and more precise than ever before. Gone are the days when patients had to wait for the cataract to ‘mature’ or live with thick spectacles post-surgery. Today, with the right information and timely intervention, patients can regain near-perfect vision with minimal disruption to their daily life.

At Centre For Sight Group of Eye Hospitals, we are committed to transforming cataract care through patient education, early detection, and world-class treatment. Our hospitals across India are equipped with the latest technology, including Femto Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS), which is a bladeless, computer-controlled procedure offering unmatched precision. This technique allows for predictable outcomes, faster healing, and improved safety for patients, particularly those with co-existing eye conditions.

Additionally, we offer premium intraocular lenses (IOLs) such as multifocal, toric, and extended depth-of-focus lenses that help patients achieve excellent distance and near vision, significantly reducing their dependence on glasses post-surgery. These lenses are personalized based on the patient’s visual needs and lifestyle, ensuring better satisfaction and quality of life.

Centre For Sight also employs optical biometry, advanced phacoemulsification systems, and image-guided technologies to ensure optimal results. Our team of highly skilled ophthalmologists follows global best practices and continuously upgrades their skills to match international standards of care.

Beyond surgical excellence, we are equally focused on community outreach and preventive eye care. Our public awareness campaigns, eye screening camps in rural areas, and collaboration with governmental and non-governmental organizations have helped identify thousands of patients in need. Many of them have undergone sight-restoring surgeries free of cost or at subsidized rates.

It is important to remember that cataract surgery is not just a medical procedure; it is a life-changing intervention. It restores not just vision, but confidence, independence, and dignity—especially among the elderly who may be dependent on others due to poor sight. Early detection and timely surgery can also prevent complications like hypermature cataract or secondary glaucoma, which may lead to permanent vision loss.

As we move forward, we must continue to educate, screen, and empower people about cataract and the importance of regular eye check-ups. At Centre For Sight, our vision is to help India see better—one eye at a time. With the power of innovation, compassion, and awareness, we can eliminate preventable blindness and gift millions the joy of clear vision.

Chennai, June 26, 2025: SRM Global Hospitals successfully treated a 48-year-old woman diagnosed with a rare condition involving two wombs—each containing large tumours—and two sizable ovarian cysts, through a minimally invasive hysterectomy, relieving her of severe abdominal pain.

The procedure, known as Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, involved the removal of the uteruses, both fallopian tubes, and both ovaries. In addition, the patient underwent four other procedures during a single operation lasting about three hours. These included: a keyhole surgery to remove a septum (a dividing wall) inside the vagina; another keyhole procedure to remove endometriosis from the surface of the bowel without cutting into it; an appendicectomy to remove the appendix affected by endometriosis; and vaginal morcellation—a minimally invasive technique used to break large uterine growths into smaller pieces for removal through the vagina.

Despite undergoing as many as five procedures, the patient was discharged within 48 hours, demonstrating the surgical expertise that made the procedures smooth and complication-free. The surgical team was headed by Dr Prithvi and Dr Subhashree, Gynaecologists, and assisted by Dr Varun, the Anesthetist.

In his comments, Dr. P. Sathyanarayanan, President, SRM Global Hospitals, said, “We are immensely proud of the surgical team’s exceptional expertise and dedication in successfully managing this highly complex and rare case. To the best of our knowledge and thorough literature review, this appears to be the first reported instance worldwide of performing Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy on a patient with bilateral uterine horns bearing large adenomyomas in the setting of uterine didelphys complicated by extensive endometriosis. Given the patient’s history of primary infertility and multiple failed IVF attempts, achieving relief from her severe symptoms is truly rewarding. This milestone underscores our commitment to delivering advanced, patient-centered care even in the most challenging situations.”

Talking about the complexities involved in the procedures, Dr. Prithvi, Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SRM Global Hospitals said, “The patient had uterine didelphys with two large wombs—each about 16 centimeters—and extensive adenomyomas and endometriotic cysts causing severe pain and heavy bleeding. In addition to the Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy to remove both cyst-laden wombs, we performed four other complex procedures in the same sitting, including removal of a vaginal septum, excision of endometriosis from the bowel surface without bowel resection, appendicectomy, and vaginal morcellation. Managing all these through minimally invasive techniques required high surgical precision and coordination. Many hospitals deferred surgery due to the complexity and rarity of this case, but we embraced the challenge. We are proud that this comprehensive approach provided the patient with significant relief and improved quality of life.”

Chennai, June 26, 2025: SRM Global Hospitals successfully treated a 48-year-old woman diagnosed with a rare condition involving two wombs—each containing large tumours—and two sizable ovarian cysts, through a minimally invasive hysterectomy, relieving her of severe abdominal pain.

The procedure, known as Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, involved the removal of the uteruses, both fallopian tubes, and both ovaries. In addition, the patient underwent four other procedures during a single operation lasting about three hours. These included: a keyhole surgery to remove a septum (a dividing wall) inside the vagina; another keyhole procedure to remove endometriosis from the surface of the bowel without cutting into it; an appendicectomy to remove the appendix affected by endometriosis; and vaginal morcellation—a minimally invasive technique used to break large uterine growths into smaller pieces for removal through the vagina.

Despite undergoing as many as five procedures, the patient was discharged within 48 hours, demonstrating the surgical expertise that made the procedures smooth and complication-free. The surgical team was headed by Dr Prithvi and Dr Subhashree, Gynaecologists, and assisted by Dr Varun, the Anesthetist.

In his comments, Dr. P. Sathyanarayanan, President, SRM Global Hospitals, said, “We are immensely proud of the surgical team’s exceptional expertise and dedication in successfully managing this highly complex and rare case. To the best of our knowledge and thorough literature review, this appears to be the first reported instance worldwide of performing Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy on a patient with bilateral uterine horns bearing large adenomyomas in the setting of uterine didelphys complicated by extensive endometriosis. Given the patient’s history of primary infertility and multiple failed IVF attempts, achieving relief from her severe symptoms is truly rewarding. This milestone underscores our commitment to delivering advanced, patient-centered care even in the most challenging situations.”

Talking about the complexities involved in the procedures, Dr. Prithvi, Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SRM Global Hospitals said, “The patient had uterine didelphys with two large wombs—each about 16 centimeters—and extensive adenomyomas and endometriotic cysts causing severe pain and heavy bleeding. In addition to the Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy to remove both cyst-laden wombs, we performed four other complex procedures in the same sitting, including removal of a vaginal septum, excision of endometriosis from the bowel surface without bowel resection, appendicectomy, and vaginal morcellation. Managing all these through minimally invasive techniques required high surgical precision and coordination. Many hospitals deferred surgery due to the complexity and rarity of this case, but we embraced the challenge. We are proud that this comprehensive approach provided the patient with significant relief and improved quality of life.”

By-Dr. SHANU JAIN, CONSULTANT- RADIATION ONCOLOGY, HCG Cancer Center – Nagpur

Parents seek the best for their children. We think about healthy food, education, safety—and wholesome health. However, there is one important health factor that many Indian families tend to side-step: the HPV vaccine in young girls.

HPV, or human papilloma virus, is a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family, which can lead to serious health issues over the time. Getting vaccinated can greatly reduce the risk of cancers linked to this virus, particularly Cervical cancer.  It is most effective when administered before a person comes into contact with HPV — ideally during the early teenage years, before the sexual debut.

Why Is HPV Important to Know About?

HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a virus that can spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, often during sexual activity. In most cases, the body clears the infection on its own. However, certain types of HPV can remain in the body and lead to serious health problems. For women, one of the biggest concerns is cervical cancer — a condition that usually develops quietly over time, without noticeable signs in the early stages. Because the signs can be silent for years, it’s hard to know when trouble might start. This makes prevention all the more important. The HPV vaccine helps stop the virus from causing damage, in the first place.

Why Give the Vaccine Early?

The best time for the vaccine is between the ages of 9 and 14. At this age, the immune system builds stronger protection. Besides, giving it early means the vaccine works before the girl could possibly come into contact with the virus. It is equally effective in the age group between 15-20 and can be given till the age of 45 years.

Waiting too long can reduce the vaccine’s effect. Sadly, many girls miss this chance because parents and doctors don’t discuss this issue early enough.

Parental Worries?

Some parents wonder whether the vaccine is really needed, or, whether it might encourage early sexual activity. Others worry about safety, or side effects. The truth is, the vaccine is very safe. Nor will it change a child’s behaviour. What it does is, lower the risk of serious disease, in the long term.

Think about vaccines for polio or measles. We don’t wait for symptoms before giving those. The HPV vaccine works the same way. Saying ‘Yes’ simply means you want to protect your daughter, not give permission for irresponsible behaviour.

What Happens After the Vaccine?

Most kids feel fine. Some might have a sore arm or feel a bit tired, for a day or two. These symptoms are mild and temporary. The long-term benefits of evading cancer far outweigh the entirely temporary distress brought on by these minor side effects.

The Importance of Talking Openly

In India, discussing concerns relating to reproductive health, with children; especially girls, tends to become an uncomfortable experience, due to long-standing inhibitions. This lack of open conversation can deter the implementation of necessary health measures, such as timely vaccinations.  However, it is heartening to find that many parents who learn about HPV and the vaccine and decide to break the undesirable silence. They lead the way by showing their daughters it’s okay to care about their health and to talk about it.

Doctors, schools, and family members all can help. If you’re unsure, ask your doctor. She can explain the vaccine schedule, answer your questions, and help you decide what’s best.

Prevention is a Powerful Tool

Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers we can prevent before it starts. That’s a big advantage. Choosing the HPV vaccine means lowering the chances of your daughter having to deal with this disease later.

Is it recommended for boys as well?

HPV virus is linked to development of not only cervical cancer but also cancer of the vulva and vagina in females and cancer of penis, anus, mouth, tonsils, or throat in males engaged in oral or anal sex. Vaccinating boys will not only improve the herd immunity but will also prevent infection in their female partners as it spreads through sexual activity. It will also give protection against genital warts. Recent WHO guidelines recommend it for boys as well.

When it comes to your child’s well-being, taking steps to prevent avoidable illness is one of the most thoughtful decisions you can make. The HPV vaccine offers more than just medical protection — it gives young girls the chance to grow up feeling secure, supported, and strong.

If you’re still weighing the decision, keep it simple. Choose protection. Choose prevention. And above all, choose a safer, healthier future for your daughter.

Dr. Pavan Yadav, Lead Consultant – Interventional Pulmonology & Lung Transplantation, Aster RV Hospital

The smoke exhaled and the burning end of a cigarette release poisonous gases and fine particles into the air that others breathe. This secondhand smoke causes asthma, bronchitis, and other illnesses in children, and increases the risk of lung cancer and heart disease in adult non-smokers. Think about your family – your parents, spouse, children, or friends.

Breathing someone else’s cigarette smoke is no less harmful. In India, over 20% of youth (ages 13–15) are exposed to second-hand smoke in public places, and even 11% at home . No one wants to unintentionally harm their loved ones, but that’s exactly what happens when you smoke around others. Quitting smoking or never starting is a gift of clean air and health to those around you.

There are also wider social and economic consequences of tobacco use. Families can suffer when the main earner falls ill due to cancer or heart disease from smoking. Treatment of tobacco-related diseases can drain a family’s savings and plunge them into debt. Furthermore, money spent on cigarettes is money not spent on food, education, or other needs.

Tobacco use perpetuates a cycle of poverty in many households. In social settings, smokers may find themselves having to step away to smoke due to public smoking bans, missing out on moments with friends or colleagues. Over time, society’s view of smoking has shifted – what was once seen as stylish or normal is now often viewed as a hazardous, even antisocial habit. Realizing these social impacts can strengthen one’s resolve to quit: you’ll not only heal yourself but also protect your family and become a more considerate member of your community.

Breaking the Bank: The Financial Cost of Tobacco

Beyond health, tobacco inflicts a heavy financial burden on individuals and the nation. Tobacco isn’t just killing people; it’s also burning through their wallets. Let’s consider a common scenario: if someone smokes even 5 cigarettes a day, at roughly ₹12 per cigarette, that adds up to about ₹60 each day – which is ₹1,800 a month spent just on smoking . In one year, that’s over ₹20,000 gone up in smoke.

In 10 years, it’s several lakhs of rupees. To put it in perspective, one media estimate found that a 30-year-old who smokes 5 cigarettes daily would end up losing over ₹1 crore (ten million rupees) by the time he is 60, factoring in the cost of cigarettes and what that money could have earned if saved or invested . That is an astounding loss of personal wealth – money that could have been used for buying a home, educating children, or securing one’s retirement.

On a national level, the costs are equally alarming. According to the Ministry of Health and WHO, the total economic cost of tobacco use in India was about ₹177,341 crore in 2017-2018. (That is 1.77 trillion rupees, or around US $27.5 billion in one year.) This figure includes healthcare costs for treating diseases caused by tobacco and the lost productivity from illness and early deaths.

To put it another way, India loses about 1% of its GDP to tobacco-related costs – a huge drain on the economy. Imagine what ₹177,000 crore could do if redirected to development, healthcare, or education! By quitting tobacco, you’re not only saving your own money but also helping reduce this burden on our society. Every rupee not spent on cigarettes is a rupee saved for a better life.

• Dr. Sunitha Mahesh, Medical Director & Senior Consultant – Infertility and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Milann- The Fertility and Birthing Hospital, Bengaluru

Anemia is a major global health concern, particularly affecting women of childbearing age, with prevalence rates between 20–40%, translating to over 500 million individuals worldwide. It is especially significant during pregnancy, where it can lead to complications for both mother and baby. The primary cause is iron deficiency, responsible for over half of the cases. In India, the situation is particularly alarming, with the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) reporting that approximately 52.5% of pregnant women are affected by anemia. Addressing this issue involves improving nutritional intake, promoting iron supplementation, and implementing public health strategies to reduce the burden of anemia globally and within specific populations like India.

Increased Requirement of Iron during pregnancy:

During pregnancy, there is an increased need for iron to support the developing fetus and to accommodate the mother’s expanding blood volume. Iron is essential for producing hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Adequate iron intake ensures sufficient hemoglobin levels, which are critical for oxygen delivery to tissues and organs.

As pregnancy progresses into the second and third trimesters, the demands for iron and vitamins become even higher. If these increased nutritional needs are not met, it can lead to iron deficiency anemia. This condition occurs when iron intake falls short of the body’s requirements, resulting in fewer red blood cells and decreased oxygen transport. Managing iron intake through diet and supplementation is vital during pregnancy to prevent anemia and support the health of both mother and baby.

Challenges of anaemia during pregnancy

During pregnancy, there is an increase in blood volume—more than the increase in blood cells—leading to a condition known as hemodilution. This process helps ensure adequate blood flow to the developing fetus but can sometimes be mistaken for anemia. However, anemia in pregnancy is diagnosed when hemoglobin levels fall below 10.5 g/dL.

Anemia poses several risks for both mother and fetus. For the mother, low hemoglobin levels can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and difficulty performing daily activities. In severe cases, it may lead to breathlessness and cardiac issues. For the fetus, maternal anemia can result in restricted growth (growth restriction or IUGR), low birth weight, and may affect placental development. Poor placental function is linked to complications like pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. Managing anemia effectively during pregnancy is crucial to reduce these risks and ensure better outcomes for both mother and child.

New Evidence: Link to Congenital Heart Defects

A recent study published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology highlights an even more concerning association. Researchers analyzed health records of women in the UK who became pregnant between January 1998 and October 2020, and found that anemia during pregnancy was linked to a 40–47% higher risk of the child being born with congenital heart defects. This finding suggests that maternal anemia may interfere with early fetal cardiovascular development, adding another dimension to the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.

Maternal Complications of Anemia

Anemia affects a pregnant woman’s health and resilience, particularly during labor and postpartum recovery. Key complications include:

· Fatigue and reduced physical capacity

· Increased susceptibility to infections, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs)

· Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH): Low hemoglobin levels reduce the body’s ability to tolerate blood loss, increasing the risk of severe bleeding during or after delivery

· Need for blood transfusion: To restore hemoglobin levels in cases of significant blood loss

· Abnormal blood clotting: Severe anemia and blood loss can trigger Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), a life-threatening condition where the blood’s clotting ability becomes dysregulated

What Are Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)?

Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart that are present at birth. These defects can affect the heart’s walls, valves, or major blood vessels, disrupting normal blood flow through the heart and to the rest of the body.

CHDs range in severity:

· Mild cases may go unnoticed at birth and resolve on their own or require minimal treatment.

· Severe defects can be life-threatening and often require early surgical intervention or ongoing cardiac care.

CHDs: A Major Public Health Concern

· CHDs are among the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to data published in Indian Pediatrics, approximately 180,000–200,000 children are born with congenital heart disease each year in India alone. Unfortunately, a significant number of these cases remain undiagnosed or untreated, especially in rural and low-resource settings.

Risk Factors for Anemia During Pregnancy

Several pre-existing conditions and pregnancy-related factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing anemia during pregnancy. Identifying these early allows for timely intervention and better outcomes for both mother and baby.

Key Contributing Factors:

1. Hyperemesis Gravidarum

o Severe and persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

o Leads to poor nutritional intake and dehydration, contributing to iron and folate deficiencies

2. Pre-existing Anemia

· Women with iron-deficiency anemia before conception are more likely to experience worsened anemia during pregnancy

· Often linked to poor dietary intake or chronic malnutrition

3, Congenital Hemoglobinopathies

· Conditions like thalassemia or sickle cell disease can cause chronic anemia, which may be exacerbated by pregnancy

4. Multiple Pregnancies

· Carrying twins or higher-order multiples increases demand for nutrients, especially iron and folic acid, heightening anemia risk

5. Short Interpregnancy Intervals

· A reduced gap between pregnancies can prevent the body from replenishing iron and nutrient stores, increasing susceptibility to anemia

6. Gynecological Conditions

o Women with heavy menstrual bleeding due to conditions like fibroids or endometriosis may begin pregnancy with already low iron stores

The Importance of Iron in Fetal Heart Development

Iron plays a crucial role in the early development of the fetal heart. During embryogenesis, the heart is the first functional organ to begin forming—starting as early as the 7th week of gestation.

On early ultrasound scans, this is often visualized as a faint pulsation, marking the onset of cardiac activity. However, the process of heart development begins even earlier and involves a highly coordinated sequence of events:

Key Stages of Fetal Heart Formation:

1. Formation of Primitive Blood Vessels

2. Cardiac Looping – where the heart tube folds into its basic shape

3. Septation – the formation of walls (septa) separating the heart chambers

4. Chamber Differentiation – development of the four-chambered structure seen after birth

These stages are highly sensitive to oxygen levels and nutrient availability, especially iron, which is vital for:

· Hemoglobin production (oxygen transport)

· Cell division and differentiation

· Mitochondrial energy metabolism needed for organ development

Impact of Maternal Anemia on Fetal Cardiac Development

When a pregnant woman is anemic, her blood carries less oxygen to the placenta and fetus. This hypoxic environment can interfere with the delicate processes involved in early heart formation, increasing the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) such as:

· Septal defects (holes in the heart walls)

· Outflow tract anomalies (malformations of the major vessels)

These defects can have lifelong implications for the child’s health and may require surgical correction or long-term cardiac care.

The Role of Nutrition in Maternal and Fetal Development

Maternal nutrition is one of the most critical factors influencing the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. Around the time of organogenesis—when vital organs like the heart, brain, spine, and kidneys begin forming—the need for adequate nutritional reserves becomes especially urgent.

Nutritional Needs During Organogenesis

Organogenesis typically occurs during the first trimester, a period during which many women may not yet realize they are pregnant. Key nutrients required during this time include:

· Iron – Essential for oxygen transport and cellular energy production

· Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) – Prevents neural tube defects and supports red blood cell production

· Vitamin B12 – Works with folic acid in red blood cell formation and neurological development

· Inadequate levels of these nutrients, particularly iron, can reduce the mother’s oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to fetal hypoxia (low oxygen delivery to tissues). This increases the risk of developmental abnormalities, especially congenital heart defects.

Causes of Anemia Beyond Diet

· While poor dietary intake is a common cause of anemia, there are several non-dietary causes that must also be addressed:

· Hemoglobinopathies such as:

o Thalassemia

o Sickle Cell Anemia

· These are inherited blood disorders where the structure or production of hemoglobin is abnormal, leading to chronic anemia.

Women with known or suspected hemoglobin disorders should be referred to a hematologist early in pregnancy (or ideally, before conception) to ensure appropriate monitoring and management.

The Fetal Dependence on Maternal Stores

The developing fetus is entirely dependent on the mother’s nutritional status, especially for:

· Iron – for building fetal blood supply and heart tissue

· Folic Acid – for neural development

· Vitamin B12 – for brain and nerve development

If the mother’s nutrient levels are low, the fetus may be at risk for:

· Low birth weight

· Preterm birth

· Congenital anomalies

· Long-term developmental delays

Preventing Anemia in Pregnancy: The Power of Nutrition and Prenatal Care

A nutritious, well-balanced diet during pregnancy is one of the most effective ways to prevent anemia and support both maternal and fetal health. Nutritional needs increase during this time, and iron becomes essential for building extra red blood cells to carry oxygen to the baby.

Iron-Rich Foods to Include in Your Diet

To reduce the risk of anemia, ensure your meals include iron-rich foods, such as:

· Green leafy vegetables (spinach, fenugreek,)

· Legumes and beans

· Fruits (especially dried fruits like dates, raisins, apricots)

· Meat and liver (excellent sources of heme iron)

· Fortified cereals and whole grains

· Milk (though not rich in iron, it’s a valuable part of a balanced diet)

Don’t Forget Vitamin C

· Vitamin C is crucial for enhancing iron absorption from plant-based foods. Include:

· Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons)

· Tomatoes

· Bell peppers

· Berries and guavas

Prenatal Vitamins Are Essential

In addition to food, prenatal vitamins prescribed by your healthcare provider supply important nutrients like:

· Iron

· Folic acid

· Vitamin B12

These supplements help build up maternal stores and support the baby’s development, especially when dietary intake is not enough.

Antenatal Check-Ups: Early Detection Saves Lives

Regular antenatal (prenatal) check-ups are critical. Your doctor can:

· Monitor your hemoglobin levels

· Identify signs and symptoms of anemia early

· Order tests if needed (e.g., iron studies, screening for thalassemia or sickle cell disease)

· Recommend appropriate dietary adjustments, iron supplements, or specialist referral

Conclusion

Anemia during pregnancy should not be seen as a minor nutritional issue. It is a systemic condition with far-reaching consequences and preventing anemia is a shared responsibility—of the mother, the healthcare provider, and the health system. A proactive approach that combines nutritional care, supplementation, and regular medical check-ups ensures better outcomes for both mother and baby.